Universe
The universe in which we exist is finite. It has the shape of a tetrahedron, a four-sided solid.
In scientific literature, there is often talk of an infinite universe. To understand this, it is necessary to define 'infinity.' Infinity cannot be divided, added, multiplied, or otherwise mathematically processed. No sum of large numbers proves the existence of infinity. This concept was already criticized by Aristotle, who defined it as 'a lack of limitation' and considered the idea of infinity to be flawed. For engineering methods, infinity is a useless concept.
Another debatable point is the Big Bang hypothesis. Current science interprets the redshift of the spectrum as evidence of the recession of bodies and the expansion of the universe, which led to the hypothesis of an expanding universe and the Big Bang theory. However, the redshift could also be caused by variations in the speed of light transmission in different parts of the universe, which science does not consider. Thus, it is a Doppler effect, similar to sound, rather than evidence of any expansion of the universe.
If we accept the Big Bang theory, we encounter several problems. First, it is unclear how large the universe was before the bang. There are two possibilities:
An infinitely small point – This would mean that all the material of the universe was concentrated into a zero volume, which contradicts the law of conservation of mass. This concept is unacceptable to the principles of reciprocal physics.
The universe had some dimension – In this case, it is unclear where the bang occurred, which leads to various interpretations depending on the location of the explosion. This would lead science into the realm of mysticism.
After the Big Bang, the universe is said to be continuously expanding, which means the space is thinning out. However, the creation of matter requires compression, which is impossible after the Big Bang. If science admits compression through unknown forces, it abandons physical laws and returns to mysticism.
Adding more water to skim milk does not produce whole milk.
Our universe is thus a tetrahedron (also known as a triangular pyramid or tetrahedron), which is the simplest polyhedron, a type of three-dimensional body. It is defined by the smallest possible number of points that can define a three-dimensional object.
The Cosmic Tetrahedron and Its Energy Sources
If mathematical and physical laws are valid, the universe must have a simple and definite shape—a tetrahedron. This shape is defined by four energy sources that provide energy to the tetrahedron. The tetrahedron is the simplest three-dimensional body, and its shape frequently recurs in nature, such as in molecules. Therefore, the universe has the shape of a finite tetrahedron.
The Necessity of the Universe's Shape as a Tetrahedron
Geometric laws dictate that two energy sources would create a line, three sources would form a plane, but only four sources create space. Five sources would divide the universe into two separate universes. Therefore, the tetrahedron is the only possible shape that conforms to the laws of energy and geometry.
Tetrahedron in the Microworld
When we take a closer look at nature, we find that the tetrahedron shape frequently appears in the structure of simple molecules. Nature often repeats shapes that are functional and simple. We can say with some exaggeration that the molecular world is a miniature version of the universe.
Systemic Model of the Universe
Systemic methods allow for the creation of a single model of the universe that aligns with the described properties of energy. This model includes the cycle of matter and energy according to Einstein's theses. There is a gradual decay of energy sources, which causes the evaporation of matter into energy. This process must occur slowly to avoid violating Einstein's laws, which rules out the possibility of a Big Bang.
Propagation of Energy in the Universe
Energy spreads from the four sources toward the center of the tetrahedron, where it interacts according to Newton's law of action and reaction. Our solar system is also located at this center of the cosmic tetrahedron. This curvature of energy causes the phenomenon of space curvature, as described by Einstein. Observers near the center of the tetrahedron see objects as larger and closer, which leads to the compression of energy and the formation of matter, such as galaxies and stars.
Formation of Matter from Energy
According to Einstein's equation, matter can be created from energy by changing its structure or by reducing its velocity. This process is described by other forms of Einstein's equation that current science does not use. These equations include, for example, the formation of matter from energy or the nature of energy's velocity. You can learn more about this in the brochure titled Reciprocal Physics, which can be downloaded from the download section of this website.
Measuring Distances in the Universe
Measuring distances in the universe is distorted by the curvature of space and the varying perception of distance in different parts of the universe. Changes are negligible near the center of the tetrahedron, where our galaxy is located, but closer to the energy sources, irregularities such as redshift in the light spectrum occur. This redshift is caused by different speeds of light in various parts of the universe, which current science does not consider. Therefore, redshift is not evidence of the universe's expansion, but merely speculation.
The Cycle of Energy in the Universe
The cycle of energy in the universe is analogous to the water cycle on Earth. Similar phenomena and cycles occur at different levels of energy density, differing only in the amount of energy required for their formation.
Irregularities in the Universe
During the formation and functioning of these cycles, various irregularities arise in the universe. These irregularities are the result of interactions between energy sources and manifest as different anomalies observed in space.
For example, even in our vicinity, that is, at the center of the cosmic tetrahedron, gravitational anomalies occur that current physics cannot fully explain. Here are two examples of unresolved issues.
The first is the so-called 'Pioneer Effect,' observed with the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spacecraft. These spacecraft, launched by NASA in 1972 (Pioneer 10) and 1973 (Pioneer 11), gradually moved away from the Sun but exhibited a small yet persistent deceleration towards the Sun that could not be explained by Newton's gravitational laws. Another mysterious phenomenon that cannot be fully explained is the 'mysterious push' of the Galileo spacecraft, which was heading towards the planet Jupiter and exhibited unexplained acceleration instead.
The second example is the precession of Mercury's perihelion. Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, exhibits an anomaly in its motion that cannot be explained by Newton's laws. While current science continues to struggle with explanations for issues such as the anomalies in the motion of the Pioneer spacecraft and the precession of Mercury's perihelion, Reciprocal Physics offers new perspectives that may finally provide answers that scientists have yet to find.
For more information on this topic, download the revised 2024 edition of Reciprocal Physics from the download section.